What does the principle of superposition in linear circuits state?

The principle of superposition in linear circuits states that the total response of a circuit to multiple independent sources is equal to the sum of the responses that would be caused by each source acting alone, while all other independent sources are turned off. This principle applies specifically to linear circuits, where the relationships between voltage and current obey a linear proportionality.

When examining the correct answer, "the total response is the sum of all component responses," it highlights that in linear systems, responses from different sources can be combined directly. This is fundamental in both analyzing and simplifying complex circuits. By evaluating the effect of each source individually, one can compute the overall behavior of the circuit without needing to solve it as a whole each time.

Other options misinterpret the principle. Averaging sources, determining output solely by maximum input, or suggesting that component responses are entirely independent do not correctly articulate the essential function of superposition. The correct option captures the essence of superposition, establishing a clear and structured method for analyzing circuit responses effectively.